Effect of soil characteristics and wind erosion on hydraulic structures of Sistan River

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor of geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 Graduated in Engineering Geology from Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch

Abstract

Introduction:Sistan River is one of the main rivers in Sistan plain which has various hydraulic structure built upon it. The current study evaluates various engineering structures which have been impacted by wind erosion.
Methodology: The research regions included the water entrance to Chahnime, Kohak dam, Zahak Dam, Sistan Dam, and Nohrab bridge. In the first stage, the direction of the river in respect to dominant wind and the condition of shores facing wind are studied, and the natural and artificial obstacles, such as vegetation, natural heights, and buildings, which were in the path of the wind were determined. In the second stage, soil texture, dry unit weight and soil coherence of shores facing wind were measured.
Results: Based on the research, the Sistan River direction was parallel, oblique, and perpendicular in respect to the dominant wind direction. The soil texture was mainly silty clay with gravel, loam, and loamy sand. However, the soil texture changed at the riversides to loam and silty loam. The liquid limit of the studied soils was lower than 25 with little soil coherence. the undrained shear strength of surface soils within the path of the river and its shores were determined less than 30 kPa. Also the range of dry unit weight of soil in the studied area is between 1.2gr/cmᶾ to 1.3gr/cmᶾ. and its vegetation indicated vegetation was lower than 20% near the engineering structures.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the sediments were mostly grainy, lacked adhesion with very low density. Therefore, due to the recent drought and reduced vegetation, soil erosion and transportation have increased dramatically. Consequently, the Kohak dam, the Sistan dam and Nohrab bridge have been highly influenced from erosion and transport of wind sediments.
Keywords: wind erosion, hydraulic structures, Undrained shear strength

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 06 February 2018
  • Accept Date: 24 June 2018
  • First Publish Date: 21 March 2019
  • Publish Date: 21 March 2019

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