Assessing Site Selection of subway routes of the metropolis of Tabriz for natural hazards with an emphasis on flood and earthquake

Mahmoudzadeh, Hassan; Mousazadeh, Ahdiyeh

doi:10.22111/jneh.2020.32430.1587

Assessing Site Selection of subway routes of the metropolis of Tabriz for natural hazards with an emphasis on flood and earthquake

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ Associate professor, Geography and Urban planning Department, University of Tabriz, Iran.

² Master student of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, University of Tabriz, Iran.

10.22111/jneh.2020.32430.1587

Abstract

The public transport system, such as Metro, has been created for the rapid and easy movement of passengers due to population growth in recent decades. Tabriz is one of Iran's cities with a subway system as well. The existence of Tabriz's fault in the north of Tabriz as the biggest threat fault in northwestern Iran and as a result of severe flooding in many of the country's cities this year, it seems necessary to assess the risks on the subway routes and stations in Tabriz. Combined flood and earthquake risk maps were prepared using FUZZY-AHP to have a comprehensive overview of the status of hazards. The purpose of this study was to identify flood and earthquake risk using 10 flood risk criteria and 14 earthquake risk criteria in the study area metro lines and stations. According to the final results of the flood risk zoning, there is no station in the very low-risk class, but there are 203,621 meters of low-risk subway lines, 5 stations and 6013,768 meters of high-risk subway lines. It also has 2 stations and 2454,91 meters of low-risk subway lines and 2 stations and 722,898 meters of high-risk subway lines, which make it necessary to identify and link stations with a potential risk of occurrence.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Crisis-management

References

References (in Persian)

Beheshti Rad, Massoud., Feiznia Sadat., Salajeghah Ali., Ahmadi Hassan., (2009), Investigation of Landslide Zoning Effectiveness of Landslide Factor Reliability Study, Kalayeh Moallem Watershed. [In Persian].

Coburn, Andrew., Spence Robin., (2010), Earthquake Safety. Translated by: Faridoun Ghazban, Sahar Derakhshan, Babak Amidvar. [In Persian].

Khakpour, Baratali.,Zardarian ,Mohammad Jafar., Sadeghi, Soleiman., Moghaddam, Ahmad., (2011), Analysis of Physical-Physical Vulnerability of Mashhad Region 9 from the Earthquake Perspective, Journal of Geography and Regional Development, Ninth Year, No. 16, pp. 34-1. [In Persian].

Khoram Rooz, Hamed Reza., (2011), Improving the Network Structure of the Metro Stations. [In Persian].

Karam, Abdul Amir., (2004), Application of Weighted Linear Combination Model (WLC) in Landslide Potential Zoning Case Study: Sarkhoon Region in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Geography and Development, 146-131. [In Persian].

Keshkoli, Mohammad Reza., Sayed Beigi, Sadegh., (2016), The Role and Position of Urban Planning in Reducing the Impacts of Natural Disasters (Floods and Earthquakes) in Assad Abad City Using SWOT Analysis, Arts and Humanities Studies, Second Year, Nos. 8 and 9 , Volume 1, p. 29-29. [In Persian].

Maleki, Amjad., (2007), Earthquake Risk Zoning and Prioritizing Housing Improvement in Kurdistan Province, Geographical Research, No. 59, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, pp. 124-115. [In Persian].

Mahouti, Attaleh., (2011), Earthquake Risk Analysis in Tabriz Subway Route 2, M.Sc., University of Tabriz. [In Persian].

Mafia Gholami, Davood., Faghi, Jahangir., Daneh kar, Afshin., (2016), Using Delphi Method and Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to Prioritize Negative Factors Affecting Mangrove Forests of Hormozgan Province, Iran, Wetland Ecosystem Research- Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz Branch, Eighth Year, No. 27. [In Persian].

Mousavi Mobarakeh, Pardaram-Khazaei Safa (2018), Locating Subway Stations Based on Passive Defense Principles (Case Study: District 13 of Isfahan), Journal of Passive Defense, Ninth Year, No. 2, No.2, pp. 34-60. [In Persian].

Pourmohammadi, Mohammadreza., Badri Asl Shirin., (1986), An Analysis of the Patterns of Locating Urban Subway Stations, Case Study of Tabriz City. Journal of Geography and Planning Research, Volume 21, Number 60, pp. 71-53. [In Persian].

Rafahi, Hossein., (1986), Design of Mashhad Metro Line 2 Ventilation System Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Model. MSc, Shahrood University of Technology. [In Persian].

Salmanieh, Saeed., (2016), Modeling of Tabriz City Critical Events in GIS Environment, Case Study of Metro Line 1, MSc Thesis. [In Persian].

Taqi Pur, Ali., Akbar., (2014), Spatial Analysis of Land and Housing Price Differences in Tabriz Urban Areas Using Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) PhD Thesis, School of Geography and Planning. [In Persian].

Vali Zadeh Kamran, Khalil., (2001), Earthquake Risk Zoning in Tabriz City Using Remote Sensing and, GIS Journal of Geographical Space, Issue 4 (ISC) 4, From 49 to 66. http://noo.rs/No4IS. [In Persian].

Zista, Consulting Engineers in Architecture and Urban Planning. (2004). Suburban studies of Tabriz, General Department of Housing and Urban Development of East Azerbaijan Province. [In Persian].

References (in English)

Arabameri, A., Rezaei, K., Cerdà, A., Conoscenti, C., & Kalantari, Z. (2019). A comparison of statistical methods and multi-criteria decision making to map flood hazard susceptibility in Northern Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 660, 443-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.021.

Ateş, A., & Mutlu, A. H. (2019). Earthquake Hazard Mapping and Analysis by Integrating GIS, AHP and TOPSIS for Gölyaka Region in Duzce, 53, 104-113. https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/17079.

Buckley, J. J. (1985). Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy sets and systems, 17(3), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(85)90090-9

Boucq, E., Francis, P. (2008). Assessment of the Real Estate Benefts Due to Accessibility Gains Brought by a Transport Project: the Impacts of a Light Rail Infrastructure Improvement in the Hauts-de-Seine Department. Trasporti Europei,(40): 51-68.

Bolhari, J., & Chime, N., (2008). Mental health intervention in Bam earthquake crisis: a qualitative study. Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications, 65(13), 7-13.

Berndtsson, R., Becker, P., Persson, A., Aspegren, H., Haghighatafshar, S., Jönsson, K., ... & Nordström, J., (2019). Drivers of changing urban flood risk: A framework for action. Journal of environmental management, 240, 47-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.094.

Chang,Y., (1996), Applications of the extentanalysis method on fuzzy AHP, European Journal of Operational Research, No. 95, pp. 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00300-2.

Chen, S., Xue, Z., Li, M., Zhu, X., (2013). Variable sets method for urban flood vulnerability assessment. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 56 (12), 3129–3136. doi: 10.1007/s11431-013-5393-0.

Dawson, R. J., Ball, T., Werritty, J., Werritty, A., Hall, J. W., & Roche, N., (2011). Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmental change. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 628-646.

Darroch, N., Beecroft, M., & Nelson, J. D. (2016). A conceptual framework for land use and metro infrastructure. Infrastructure Asset Management, 3(4), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.16.00008.

Duan, H. F., Li, F., & Yan, H., (2016). Multi-objective optimal design of detention tanks in the urban stormwater drainage system: LID implementation and analysis. Water resources management, 30(13), 4635-4648. DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1444-1.

Fabozzi, S., Licata, V., Autuori, S., Bilotta, E., Russo, G., & Silvestri, F., (2017). Prediction of the seismic behavior of an underground railway station and a tunnel in Napoli (Italy).Underground Space, 2(2), 88-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2017.03.005.

Givoni, B. (1977). Underground longterm storage of solar energy—An overview. Solar Energy, 19(6), 617-623.

Hwang, C. L. et Yoon, K.,(1981) Multiple Attribute Decision Making, Methods and Applications: a State of the Art Survey. Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9.

Hashash, Y. M., Hook, J. J., Schmidt, B., John, I., & Yao, C., (2001). Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 16(4), 247-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00051-7.

Hapuarachchi, H. A. P., Wang, Q. J., & Pagano, T. C., (2011). A review of advances in flash flood forecasting. Hydrological processes, 25(18), 2771-2784. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8040.

Herath, S. R. I. K. A. N. T. H. A., & Dutta, D. U. S. H. M. A. N. T. H. A., (2004). Modeling of urban flooding including underground space. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Asia-Pacific Hydrology and Water Resources Association (pp. 55-63).

Huong, H. T. L., & Pathirana, A., (2013). Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in Can Tho city, Vietnam. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(1), 379-394. doi:10.5194/hess-17-379-2013.

Jha, A., Lamond, J., Bloch, R., Bhattacharya, N., Lopez, A., Papachristodoulou, N., ... & Barker, R., (2011). Five feet high and rising: cities and flooding in the 21st century. The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/3412.

Lyu, H. M., Wang, G. F., Shen, J. S., Lu, L. H., & Wang, G. Q. (2016). Analysis and GIS mapping of flooding hazards on 10 May 2016, Guangzhou, China. Water, 8(10), 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8100447.

Lyu, H.M., Wu, Y.X., Shen, J.S., Zhou, A.N., (2018)d. Assessment of social-economic risk of Chinese dual land use system using fuzzy AHP. Sustainability 10 (7), 2451. DOI: 10.3390/su10072451.

Lyu, H. M., Cheng, W. C., Shen, J. S., & Arulrajah, A. (2018). Investigation of collapsed building incidents on soft marine deposit: Both from social and technical perspectives. Land, 7(1), 20. DOI: 10.3390/land7010020.

Lyu, H. M., Sun, W. J., Shen, S. L., & Arulrajah, b., (2018)A. Flood risk assessment in metro systems of mega-cities using a GIS-based modeling approach. Science of the Total Environment, 626, 1012-1025. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.138.

Lyu, H. M., Xu, Y. S., Cheng, W. C., & Arulrajah, c. (2018). Flooding hazards across southern China and prospective sustainability measures. Sustainability, 10(5), 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051682.

Lyu, H. M., Shen, J. S., & Arulrajah, d. (2018). Assessment of geohazards and preventative countermeasures using AHP incorporated with GIS in Lanzhou, China. Sustainability, 10(2), 304. DOI: 10.3390/su10020304.

Perk, V. & Catalá, M.(2009). Land Use Impacts of Bus Rapid Transit: Effect of BRT Station Proximity on Property Values along the Pittsburgh Martin Luther King, Jr. East Busway. the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), Offce of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation, U.S. Washington, D.C. : Department of Transportation. https://trid.trb.org/view/1401767.

Petit-Boix, A., Sevigné-Itoiz, E., Rojas-Gutierrez, L. A., Barbassa, A. P., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2017). Floods and consequential life cycle assessment: Integrating flood damage into the environmental assessment of stormwater Best Management Practices. Journal of cleaner production, 162, 601-608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.047.

Qiao, Y.K., Peng, F.L., Wang, Y., (2017). Monetary valuation of urban underground space: A critical issue for the decision-making of urban underground space development. Land Use Policy. 69 (12), 12–24. DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091404.

Saaty, R. W. (1987). The analytic hierarchy process—what it is and how it is used. Mathematical modelling, 9(3-5), 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8.

Shen, S.L., Wu, Y.X., Xu, Y.S., Hino, T., Wu, H.N., (2015a). Evaluation of hydraulic parameters from pumping tests of multi-aquifers with vertical leakage in Tianjin. Comput. Geotech. 68 (2015), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.03.011.

Shen, S.L., Wang, J.P., Wu, H.N., Xu, Y.S., Ye, G.L., Yin, Z.Y., (2015b). Evaluation of hydraulic conductivity for both marine and deltaic deposits based on piezocone testing. Ocean Eng. 110 (2015), 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.10.011.

Shen, S.L., Cui, Q.L., Ho, C.E., Xu, Y.S., (2016). Ground response to multiple parallel microtunneling operations in cemented silty clay and sand. J. Geotech. Geoenviron.Eng. 142 (5) 04016001(1–11).

Shen, S.L., Wu, Y.X., Misra, A., (2017). Calculation of head difference at two sides of a cutoff barrier during excavation dewatering. Comput. Geotech. 91, 192–202. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101114.

White, P. R. (2016). Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Routledge. https://transecongroup.org/wp-content/uploads/journal/Transport_Economist_22-2.

Youssef, A. M., & Hegab, M. A. (2019). Flood-Hazard Assessment Modeling Using Multicriteria Analysis and GIS: A Case Study—Ras Gharib Area, Egypt. In Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences.12 (229-257). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815226-3.00010-7.