The role of stereographic studies on the orientation of Suran`s barchans migration risk in Baluchestan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor of range & watershed management, faculty of soil and water, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.

2 Research staff of faculty of geography & environmental planning, university of S &B, Zahedan, Iran.

3 Research staff of soil science of natural resource & watershed management institute of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran.

Abstract

The sand dunes of the study area are located downstream of Routack watershed, 40 km west of Saravan city (Baluchestan province, Iran) and in the northern margin of the agricultural lands of the region. Wind velocity data (direction and speed) of Saravan, Khash and Iranshahr stations (2006-2012) were used to study the dynamics of the dunes. The geometry of barkhan dunes were analyzed using the stereographic approach and their spatial and temporal mobility by Freiberger and Dean (1979) method. The results showed that the direction of Barkhan`s migration was varied temporally and spatially; from W and NW to E and SE. While the prevailing winds in terms of frequency of occurrence were mainly blown from NE (wind-rose), but in most cases the sand dunes direction did not correspond to the prevailing wind direction. The RDD were 28.9% from the NW, 17.8% from the SW, NW and no-migration, 10.7% from the SE, and 3.5% from the W and S. The results of the stereographic approach showed the instantaneous dynamics of barchans were mainly consistent with the Fryberger and Dean (1979) methods; so that the rate of sand transport was between 17 to 20 m3/yr.m and the wind intensity classified as low energy. The sands are also transported when the velocity threshold is greater than 6.78 m/s or at least equal to it. This conclusion is important due to windbreak networks design. This means that to stabilize the dunes; windbreaks must be installed perpendicular to the wind`s direction (west to the northwest) and the wind velocity should not exceed 6.78 m/s, between the windbreak rows.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References (in Persian)
Abbasi, Hamid Reza; Gohardost, Azadeh; Khaksarian, Farhad; Ganjali, Mojtaba (2017). Morphological features of wind sediments and erosive winds in Sistan plain, Desert Management, 10 (5), 28-42. http://www.jdmal.ir/article_30648.html. [In Persian].
Abassi H, Kashki M, Rahdari M.R, Gohardoust A, Lotfi Nasab Asl, S. (2020) The features of wind’s regime and sand transport potential in Sarakhs Erg. Iranian J Range Desert Res. Vol. 27. No 2, pp.371–384. doi:10.22092/ijrdr.2020.122809.1753. [In Persian].
Alipour, Hamid; Hashemi Jazi, Mohammad Reza, Jafari, Mohammad; Feiznia, Sadat. (2010). Finding the origin of Esghabad-Nishabour sand dune (a case study). 2nd National conference of wind erosion, Yazd. Scientific union of management and the control of the desert region of Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/100945. [In Persian].
Ekhtesasi, Mohammad reza, and Ahmadi Hasan (1993). Yaz-Ardakan source sand dunes using sand traps and wind erosion meter, Research center of Iranian desert &sahara, Tehran university, p.120. [In Persian].
 Ekhtesasi, Mohammad reza, and Ahmadi Hasan, Khalili Ali, Saremi Naeini Mohammad Ali and Rajabi Mohammad Reza (2006). Application of wind-rose, storm-rose, and sand-rose, in wind erosion analysis and sand movement direction (Case study: Yazd-Ardakan plain), Iranian natural resource journal. 59 (1), Tehran University, 533-541. https://ijnr.ut.ac.ir/article_25431.html. [In Persian].
 Dehvari Abdolhmid, (1994). Source study of wind sediments in Saravan-Baluchestan. Master thesis, Faculty of natural resource, University of Tehran, P.207. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/JournalList.aspx?ID=4197. [In Persian].
Dehvari Abdolhmid, Feiznia Sadat, Ahmadi Hasan, (2005). The role of mineralogical and statistical indexes analysis in source studies of Shandan sand dune in Saravan of Baluchistan. Iranian natural resource journal, 58 (4), Tehran University, 743-757. https://ijnr.ut.ac.ir/article_25410.html. [In Persian].
Feiznia Sadat, Dehvari Abdolhamid and Ahmadi Hasan (1998). The source of sand dunes of Routak watershed in Saravan of Baluchistan Iranian natural resource journal, 51 (1) Tehran University, 99-109. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/JournalList.aspx?ID=4197. [In Persian].
Hoseini Marandi Hamid and Feiznia Sadat. (2009). The role of sediment texture characteristics on finding the sand source. (Case study: Western Iranshahr). Iranian natural resource journal, 72 (2) Tehran University, P. 297-309. https://ijnr.ut.ac.ir/browse?_action=issue. [In Persian].
Negaresh Hosein and Latifi Laila. (2009). Geomorphological analysis of sand dune movement trend in the eastern part of Sistan in the recent drought. Geography and development, 6(12) Sistan & Baluchistan University. 43-66. Doi: 10.22111/GDIJ.2008.1242. [In Persian].
Rahdari M, Ahmadi H, Tavili A, Jafari M, Nazari Samani A, Khosroshahi M, Sharifi S (2019) Analysis and zoning of wind energy based on sand drift potential in Qom-Tehran railway. Iranian J Range Desert Res 26(1):226–240. doi:10.22111/gdij.2008.1242. [In Persian].
Samira Zamani, Majid Mahmoodabadi, Najme Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hady Farpoor,(2020). Meteorological application of wind speed and direction linked to remote sensing images for the modeling of sand drift potential and dune morphology. Meteorological Applications, 27(1), 1-16https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1851. [In Persian].
 
References (in English)
Ahlbrandt, T.T. (1974). The source of sand for the Killpecker sand dune field.  Sedimentary Geology. 11، 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(74)90004-9
Bagnold, R.A., (1941). The physics of blown wind and desert dunes. Methuen, London pp 265. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800105
Bagnold, R.A., (1951). The sand formation of south Arabia. Geographical journal.117: 78-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1789795
.Brookfield, M. (1970). Dune trend and wind regime in central Australia. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Suplememt 10, 121-158. http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/319099?index=1
Fryberger, S.G., and Dean Gary, (1979). Dune forms and wind regime. In McKee, E.D. (Ed.). A study of global sand seas, USGS professional paper, vol. 1052. US Geological Survey and United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC., pp. 137-169. r
https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1052
Goudie, A.S., Cooke, R.U. and Warren, A. (1993). Desert Geomorphology. UCL Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290190311
Hereher, Mohamed E. (2018) Geomorphology and drift potential of major aeolian sand deposits in Egypt, Geomorphology, Volume 304, 2018, Pages 113-120, ISSN 0169-555X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.041.
Hunter RE, Richmond BM, Alpha T.R. (1983) Storm-controlled oblique dunes of the Oregon coast. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 94(12),1450–1465. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1450:SODOTO>2.0.CO;2
Illenberger, WK, Rust, IC (1988) A sand budget for the Alexandria coastal dune field, South Africa. Sedimentology 35, 513–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1988.tb01001.x
John E Stout, Jeffrey A Lee. (2003) Indirect evidence of wind erosion trends on the Southern High Plains of North America, Journal of Arid Environments, 55(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00266-5.
Khalaf, F. I. and Al-Ajmi. (1993). Aeolian process and sand encroachment problem in Kuwait. Geomorphology, 6, 111-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(93)90042-Z
Lancaster, Nicholas. (1988). Development of linear dunes in the southwestern Kalahari, Southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 14 (3), 233-244. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-arid-environments/issues?page=2
Lancaster, Nicholas, (1995). Geomorphology of desert dunes. Routledge, New York, NY 290 pp. https://www.routledge.com/Geomorphology-of-Desert-Dunes/Lancaster/p/book/9780415060943
Lettau, K. and Lettau H.H., (1978). Experimental and mieno-meteorological field studies on dune migration. In: Lettau, K. and Lettau H.H. (Eds.). Exploring the world‟s driest climate. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for Environmental Studies, pp. 140-147
https://www.worldcat.org/title/exploring-the-worlds-driest-climate/oclc/4601231
Louassa, Samira; Merzouk, Mustapha; Kasbadji Merzouk, Nachida (2018) Sand drift potential in western Algerian Hautes Plaines, Aeolian Research, 34, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.07.002.
Morgan. R. P.C. (2005). Soil conservation and erosion. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (3rd ed.).  304 p. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.0756f.x
Rahdari, M.R., Gyasi-Agyei, Y. & Rodrigo-Comino, J. (2021) Sand drift potential impacts within desert railway corridors: a case study of the Sarakhs-Mashhad railway line. Arabian Journal of Geoscience. 14, 810 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07171-7.
Tsoar H, Blumberg DG. (2002). Formation of parabolic dunes from barchan and transverse dunes along Israel’s Mediterranean coast. Earth Surf Process Landf 27(11),1147–1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.417
Warren, Andrew (1970) Dune trends and their implications in the central Sudan. In: Mensching, H.G. (ed). 1970. Piedmont plains and sand-formations in arid and humid tropic and subtropic regions. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementbände 10,154-179.
https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1972_num_81_445_18721_t1_0331_0000_3
Warren, Andrew (1976) Morphology and Sediments of the Nebraska Sand Hills in Relation to Pleistocene Winds and the Development of Aeolian Bedforms. The Journal of geology, 84 (6), 685-700). https://www.jstor.org/stable/30067915
Wilson, I.G. 1972. Aeolian bedforms; their development and origins. Sedimentology 19: 173-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1972.tb00020.x
Xiao-yan, Sun; Yan-Jie, Fang; Jing-Feng, Zhao; Qing, He; Jie, Zhou (2021) Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sand drift potential in Taklimakan desert. Arid land geography, 43(1), 38-47. https://doi:10. 12118/j.
Yang, Hui; Cao, Jiansheng; and Hou, Xianglong (2019) Characteristics of Aeolian Dune, Wind Regime and Sand Transport in Hobq Desert, China. Applied science, 9 (5543), 1-21. https://doi:10.3390/app9245543
Zamani, Samira; Mahmoodabadi, Majid; Yazdanpanah, Najme; Farpoor, Mohammad Hady. (2020) Meteorological application of wind speed and direction linked to remote sensing images for the modeling of sand drift potential and dune morphology. Meteorological Applications, 27(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1851
Zhang, Zhengcai; Dong, Zhibao; Wu, Guoxi (2017) Field observations of sand transport over the crest of a transverse dune in northwestern China Tengger Desert, Soil and Tillage Research, 166, 67-75 ISSN 0167-1987, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.10.010.
Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards
Volume 11, Issue 33 - Serial Number 3
September 2022
Pages 77-100

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 28 November 2020
  • Revise Date: 30 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 12 July 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics