Determining the potential of dust production in the inner centers of Khuzestan province using the WRF numerical model and the WRF-Chem coupled model

Dargahian, Fatemeh; Jalili, Adel; Balalan Fard, Alireza; Aghazadeh, Tahereh

doi:10.22111/jneh.2024.47865.2026

Determining the potential of dust production in the inner centers of Khuzestan province using the WRF numerical model and the WRF-Chem coupled model

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ Associate Professor, of Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

² Prof., Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

³ Senior expert in meteorology of Alborz Province Meteorological Department, Karaj, Iran

⁴ Graduated with a master's degree in meteorology from the University of Science and Research, Karaj, Iran

10.22111/jneh.2024.47865.2026

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of the maximum dust production capacity of 4 centers in the maximum dust production of Khuzestan province. According to the field information on soil texture and land use, the WRF-CHEM chemical model was used to simulate the occurrence of severe dust storms. To simulate the occurrence of a dust storm and estimate the maximum power of dust production at the peak of the activity of the dust system of four hypothetical centers in Khuzestan province, in addition to the dust concentration data of the environmental organization, in the verification of the event and the selection of the system from the data meteorological organization; Wind direction and speed and horizontal field of view were used. First, the simulation was done in real mode with full physics of the model, and in the next step, the amount of dust production and the role of each dust center in the centers were checked with the assumption of moistening of the surface layer of soil and ground. Among the 94 dust systems by defining the maximum event conditions, 39 main systems were selected. The results showed that each of the foci, on average and independently, caused an increase in dust and feeding systems that migrated to the region during the storms that occurred over two decades (2003-2018). The maximum contribution of each center was determined separately and simultaneously at the peak of the activity of the dusting systems. The results showed that at the peak of the activity of the dust collection systems, the maximum production capacity of source 1 (Horal Azim and North Khorramshahr) is 65.14% on average, source 2 (Mahshahr Center, Omidieh and Hindijan) is 59.91%, source 3 (East Ahvaz city) was 52.27% and source 4 (southeast of Ahvaz) was 55.74%. The total share of the average dust production in the four centers of the province is 62.94%, which if it is deducted from the amount of dust produced in the southern region of Khuzestan, which is 83.30% of the total dust in Khuzestan during the occurrence of different systems. , the remaining 20.36 percent, which is the share of unknown sources such as secondary sources that have the potential to produce dust or the dust created from them is the result of the discharge of major and larger sources. Knowledge of the contribution of each of the numerous dust centers in the Khuzestan Plain can help the decision-makers of operational plans to control internal fine dust centers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Environmental Hazards

References

References (in Persian)

Akbari, Z., Masoudi, H., Moradpour, B., Davoodi, R. (2021). Post-processing results of WRF numerical forecasting model in Lorestan Meteorology and Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences Research Institute during March and April 2019. Nivar, 45(112-113), 151-162. [In Persian]

Ansari, M., Norouzi, A. (2021). Investigation of Land Surface Temperature Trends Relative to Land Use Changes in Dust Sources of South East Ahwaz Using Landsat 8 Satellite Data. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52(7), 1825-1840. [In Persian]

Asadi Oskouei, E., Mohammadpour Penchah, M., Goodarzi, L., Shokouhi, M. (2021). Assessing the Performance of WRF Model in Prediction of Evapotranspiration in Paddy Fields. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 11(2), 1-11. [In Persian]

Asghari, M., Meshkatee, A., Ranjbar, A., Moradi, M. (2020). Study and evaluation of dust emission scheme in WRF-Chem model of duststorm in the east and southeast of Iran (Case study 11 to 13 August 2018). Journal of Climate Research, 1399(43), 87-98. [In Persian]

Azadi, M., Mohamadi, S. (2019). Probabilistic forecasting of diurnal maximum and minimum temperature using a 2-member ensemble system over Iran. Nivar, 43(106-107), 54-62. doi: 10.30467/nivar.2019.186623.1129.

Azizi, Qasim., Miri, M., Nabavi, S. O.2012. Detection of dust in the western half of Iran. Geographical studies of arid regions, 2 (7): 81-63. [In Persian]

Dargahian, F., Teimori, S., Lotfinasbasl, S., Razavizadeh, S. (2019). Land Use Changes in the Mansouriyeh Wetland and its Relation with the Occurrence of Drought and Dust Formation in the Ahwaz Metropolis. Watershed Management Research Journal, 32(4), 94-104. [In Persian]

Dargahian F, Khosroshahi M, Lotfinasabasl S. (2021) Potential dangers of drought in Shadegan wetland and Identify areas affected by dust from it. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 8 (2),1-14. [In Persian]

Daniali, M., Mohamadnezhad, B., Karimi, N. (2018). Evaluation of vegetation health based on the resilience in arid lands. Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 9(1), 58-73. [In Persian]

Esmaeilpour, R., malekoute, H., eraghizadeh, M. (2014). Wind energy assessment using WRF model: A case study for the Kerman province. Nivar, 38(85-84), 69-81. [In Persian]

Fathi, M., Azadi, M., Kamali, G., meshkati, A. (2019). Improving precipitation forecasts over Iran using a weighted average ensemble technique. Nivar, 43(106-107), 63-68. [In Persian]

Hamidian Pour, M., Mofidi, A., & Salighe, M. (2016). Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind. Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 10(2), 83-109. [In Persian]

Hamidianpour, Mohsen; Shoja Kalate Mir Ali, Faeze. (2022). An introduction to the methods and techniques of climate modeling and climate change. Press of Sistan and Baluchistan University, first edition, 388 pages.

Heidarian, P., Azhdari, A., Jodaki, M., Darvishi Khatooni, J., Shahbazi, R. (2017). Identifying interior sources of dust storms using remote sensing, GIS, and geology (case study: Khuzestan province). Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 27(105), 33-46. [In Persian].

Iranmanesh, F. (2021). Human Role on Upper Holocene River Morphology and Formation of Dust Hotspots in Southwest Khuzestan Province. Geographical Planning of Space, 11(40), 71-82. [In Persian]

Jalali, M., Taghavi, F. (2019). Post-processing of Precipitable Water from WRF Prediction Model with the use of Genetic Algorithm and Met-8(IODC) Data over non-radiosound station points. Nivar, 43(104-105), 41-44. [In Persian]

Jooybari, S., Rezaee, P., Soleimani, F., Davoodi, H. (2019). Dust and its centers: basics and methods of identifying and stabilizing, with a special attitude to the Khuzestan Plain. Applied Sedimentology, 7(14), 129-142. [In Persian]

Khansalari, S., Mohebalhojeh, A., Ahmadi-Givi, F. (2019). Simulation of extreme precipitation events with a cold anomaly in the Tehran area. Nivar, 43(104-105), 13-16[In Persian] .

Khorshiddoust, A., Asadi, M., Hajmohammadi, H. (2020). Thunderstorm simulation using WRF model in Kermanshah Case Study: March 31, 2014. Journal of Climate Research, 1399(43), 73-86. [In Persian]

Mazidi, Ahmad, Jafari Zouj, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Heidari, Somayeh. (2015). Simulation dust storm February 28, 2009, in Fars province WRF model. Journal of Applied Climatology, 2(2), 49-68. [In Persian]

Malakooti, H., Babahoseini, S. (2015). Formation and Evolution of a heavy dust storm over the Middle East: A Numerical Case Study. Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 3(4), 53-65[In Persian]

Mesbahzadeh, T., Salajeghe, A., Sardoo, F. S., Zehtabian, G., Ranjbar, A., Marcello Miglietta, M., & Krakauer, N. Y. (2020). Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of vertical dust flux simulated by WRF-chem model with GOCART and AFWA dust emission schemes (case study: central plateau of Iran). Applied Sciences, 10(13), 4536.

Miri, M., Pilehvaran, R., Zand, M., Noroozi, A. (2021). Atmospheric dust detection using WRF-Chem model and remote sensing data (Case study: West and southwest of Iran). Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 10(4), 81-94. [In Persian]

Mobarakhasan, E., ghafariyan, P., varshosaz, K., azadi, M. (2014). Dust simulation in Khuzestan province using WRF/Chem. model (Case study: 26-28 March 2010). Nivar, 38(85-84), 45-56. [In Persian]

Nasr Esfahani, M., Yazdanpanah, H., Nasr Esfahani, M. (2019). Evaluation of WRF Model for Temperature Forecasting and Frosting Occurrence in Zayandeh Rud Basin. Physical Geography Research Quarterly, 51(1), 163-182. [In Persian]

Nikfal, A., Ranjbar Saadatabadi, A., Karami, S., Sehatkashani, S. (2017). Capabilities of the WRF-Chem model in estimating the concentration of dust – A case study of a dust storm in Tehran. Environmental Sciences, 15(1), 115-126.

Norouzi A, Ansari M. Evaluation of the Efficiency of the CA-Markov Model in Predicting Spat-Temporal Changes of Land Use in Dust Source of South and Southeast Ahwaz. JWSS. 2021; 25 (3):79-94. [In Persian]
Pahlavan, R., Moradi, M., Tajbakhsh, S., Azadi, M., Rahnama, M. (2021). Sensitivity Study of Simulations of Two Fog Events at Ardebil Airport to the PBL Scheme, Using WRF model. Nivar, 45(114-115), 71-85[In Persian]

Sasanian, S., Azadi, M., Asgharishirazee, H., Mirzaee, E. (2015). Evaluating the Performance of a WRF Physics Ensemble with 9 Schemes for Precipitation over Southwest of Iran in Winter. Nivar, 39(90-91), 15-26. [In Persian]

Sahraei, J., Mobarak Hassan, E., & Mohammadi, N. (2020). The Effect of the Zagros Mountain Range on Transporting Iraqi Dust to Western Iran using the WRF/Chem Model (Case Study). Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 8(4), 119-134. [In Persian]

Soleimani Sardoo, F., Mesbahzadeh, T., Salajeghe, A., Zehtabian, G., Ranjbar, A., Marcello miglietta, M., Karami, S. (2021). Identifying dust springs using the WRF-Chem model and GOCART and AFWA wind erosion schemas (simulated dust storm on 05/22/2018). Environmental Sciences, 19(2). [In Persian]

Soleimani Sardo, F., Karami, S., Vakili Tajareh, F. (2021). Simulation and Numerical Analysis of the Dust Storm of July 10, 2014, Using the MACC-ECMWF Model in Central Iran. Watershed Management Research Journal, 34(4), 2-15. [In Persian]

Zakeri, Z., azadi, M., sahraeiyan, F. (2014). Verification of WRF forecasts for precipitation over Iran in the period Feb-May 2009. Nivar, 38(87-86), 3-10. [In Persian]

References (in English)

Alizadeh Choobari, O., Zawar-Reza, P., and Sturman, A., 2014, Mesoscale modeling of the “wind of 120 days” and associated mineral dust distribution over eastern Iran using WRF/Chem: Atmos. Res., 143, 328–341.

Alizadeh-Choobari, O., Sturman, A., &Zawar-Reza, P. (2015). Global distribution of mineral dust and its impact on radiative fluxes as simulated by WRF-Chem. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 127(6), 635–648.

Bian, H., Tie, X., Cao, J., Ying, Z., Han, S. and Xue, Y. (2011). Analysis of a Severe Dust Storm Event over China: Application of the WRF_Dust, Aerosol Air Quality Research, Vol. 11, 419–428.

Han, T., Pan, X., & Wang, X. (2021). Evaluating and improving the sand storm numerical simulation performance in Northwestern China using WRF-Chem and remote sensing soil moisture data. Atmospheric Research, 251, 105411.

‏Hamzeh, N. H., Karami, S., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Tegen, I., Moradi, M., & Opp, C. (2021). Atmospheric dynamics and numerical simulations of six frontal dust storms in the Middle East region. Atmosphere, 12(1), 125.

Hossein Hamzeh N, Fattahi E, Zoljodi M, Ghaforian P, Ranjbar A. Synoptic-dynamic analysis of dust storm and its simulation in the southwest of Iran in summer 2005. jsaeh. 2016; 3 (1):91-102.

Karegar M E, Bodagh Jamali J, Ranjbar Saadat Abadi A, Moeenoddini M, Goshtasb H. Simulation and Numerical Analysis of severe dust storms Iran East. jsaeh. 2017; 3 (4):101-119.

Ledari, D. G., Hamidi, M., & Shao, Y. (2022). Numerical simulation of the 18 February 2017 frontal dust storm over southwest Iran using WRF-Chem, satellite imagery, and PM10 concentrations. Journal of Arid Environments, 196, 104637.

Parajuli, S. P., Stenchikov, G. L., Ukhov, A., & Kim, H. (2019). Dust emission modeling using a new high‐resolution dust source function in WRF‐Chem with implications for air quality. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124(17-18), 10109-10133.

Saroei, J., Mobarak Hassan, E., Mohammadi, N. (2020). The Effect of the Zagros Mountain Range on Transporting Iraqi Dust to Western Iran using the WRF/Chem Model (Case Study). Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 8(4), 119-134.

Shukla, K. K., Attada, R., Khan, A. W., & Kumar, P. (2022). Evaluation of extreme dust storm over the northwest Indo-Gangetic plain using WRF-Chem model. Natural Hazards, 110(3), 1887-1910.‏

Singh, C., Singh, S. K., Chauhan, P., & Budakoti, S. (2021). Simulation of an extreme dust episode using WRF-CHEM based on optimal ensemble approach. Atmospheric Research, 249, 105296.

Wang, J., Su, S., Yin, Z., Sun, C., Xie, X., Wang, T., & Yang, Y. (2022). Quantitatively Assessing the Contributions of Dust Aerosols to Direct Radiative Forcing Based on Remote Sensing and Numerical Simulation. Remote Sensing, 14(3), 660.‏

Zhao, J., Ma, X., Wu, S., & Sha, T. (2020). Dust emission and transport in Northwest China: WRF-Chem simulation and comparisons with multi-sensor observations. Atmospheric Research, 241, 104978.