حکمرانی یکپارچه آب و سواحل: مطالعه تطبیقی سیاست‌های پایدار در کشورهای پیشرو ساحلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ولایت، ایرانشهر، ایران

3 استاد مدیریت، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

مدیریت پایدار منابع آب و نواحی ساحلی در شرایط تشدید تغییرات اقلیمی، رشد جمعیت و افزایش فشارهای توسعه‌ای، مستلزم استقرار نظام‌های حکمرانی یکپارچه و تطبیقی است که بتوانند تعامل میان ابعاد هیدرولوژیک، اکولوژیک، اجتماعی و نهادی را به‌صورت هم‌زمان مدیریت کنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل تطبیقی الگوهای حکمرانی یکپارچه آب و سواحل در سه کشور پیشرو شامل استرالیا، هلند و سنگاپور انجام شده است. این پژوهش از نظر ماهیت کیفی و از حیث روش، مبتنی بر مطالعه تطبیقی اسناد و سیاست‌ها است. داده‌ها از طریق بررسی مقالات علمی، اسناد سیاستی ملی، گزارش‌های سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و منابع رسمی حکمرانی آب گردآوری و با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل تطبیقی و مثلث‌سازی داده‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که استرالیا با تکیه بر حکمرانی حوضه‌محور، سازوکارهای مشارکتی و مدیریت تطبیقی، هلند با حکمرانی چندسطحی، برنامه‌ریزی فضایی و راهکارهای مبتنی بر طبیعت، و سنگاپور با یکپارچگی نهادی، نوآوری فناورانه و مدیریت چرخه کامل آب، مسیرهای متفاوتی برای ارتقای تاب‌آوری اجتماعی–اکولوژیک و یکپارچگی مدیریت آب و سواحل توسعه داده‌اند. نتایج همچنین نشان می‌دهد که اثربخشی الگوهای حکمرانی به ماهیت مخاطرات غالب وابسته است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که مخاطرات ناگهانی نظیر سیلاب و افزایش سطح دریا نیازمند هماهنگی متمرکزتر، و مخاطرات تدریجی نظیر کم‌آبی مزمن مستلزم سازوکارهای مشارکتی و یادگیرنده هستند. در مجموع، هم‌افزایی میان ساختارهای نهادی، ابزارهای سیاستی، نوآوری‌های فناورانه و مشارکت ذی‌نفعان، عامل کلیدی موفقیت در حکمرانی پایدار آب–ساحل و تقویت تاب‌آوری نظام‌های اجتماعی–اکولوژیک محسوب می‌شود. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند مبنایی برای طراحی و بومی‌سازی چارچوب‌های حکمرانی یکپارچه آب و سواحل در کشورهای دریادار، به‌ویژه ایران، فراهم آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated Water and Coastal Governance: A Comparative Study of Sustainable Policies in Leading Coastal Countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Khajedad 1
  • Masoud Dehghani 2
  • NourMohammad Yghoubi 3
1 PhD Candidate, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran
3 Professor of Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sustainable management of water resources and coastal zones under intensifying climate change, population growth, and increasing developmental pressures requires the establishment of integrated and adaptive governance systems capable of simultaneously managing the interactions among hydrological, ecological, social, and institutional dimensions. This study aims to comparatively analyze integrated water–coastal governance models in three leading countries: Australia, the Netherlands, and Singapore. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on comparative policy and document analysis. Data were collected from peer-reviewed scientific publications, national policy documents, reports of international organizations, and official water governance sources, and were examined through comparative analysis and data triangulation. The findings reveal that Australia, through basin-oriented governance, participatory mechanisms, and adaptive management; the Netherlands, through multi-level governance, spatial planning, and nature-based solutions; and Singapore, through institutional integration, technological innovation, and full-cycle water management, have developed distinct pathways for enhancing socio-ecological resilience and achieving integrated water and coastal governance. The results further indicate that the effectiveness of governance arrangements is closely associated with the nature of dominant risks. Rapid-onset hazards, such as flooding and sea-level rise, require more centralized coordination mechanisms, whereas slow-onset challenges, including chronic water scarcity, demand participatory, learning-oriented, and adaptive governance approaches. Overall, the synergy among institutional structures, policy instruments, technological innovations, and stakeholder participation emerges as a critical factor in achieving sustainable water–coastal governance and strengthening socio-ecological resilience. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and contextual adaptation of integrated water and coastal governance frameworks in maritime countries, particularly Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Governance
  • Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
  • Coastal Zone Management
  • Sustainable Policy-Making
  • Water Resource Resilience
  • Australia
  • The Netherlands
  • Singapore
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