نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه جنگلداری مناطق خشک دانشگاه سمنان
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته علوم جنگل دانشگاه سمنان
3 استاد گروه بیابانزدایی دانشکده کویرشناسی دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Coal mining in any part of the world has always caused great damage to the landscapes, nature, and biological communities of fauna and flora. The current study was carried out to investigate the environmental and economic damages caused by the activity of the Sang Darka Amol coal mine. To record the characteristics of the trees outside the mining area, transects were laid in four main geographical directions, and 1000 square meter circular plots were measured on them at distances of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 meters and compared with control samples. To quantify the understory vegetation biodiversity indices, 3 square plots of 1.5 x 1.5 meters were measured in each of the 5 distances and compared with the control sample plots. The results showed that the biodiversity and richness indices of understory vegetation at distances of 50, 100, and 150 meters from the edge of the mine were more diminished than at distances of 200 and 250 meters. The abundance, basal area, and commercial value of the standing trees at distances of 50 and 100 meters from the edge of the mine had the lowest values. Due to the presence of the main species and the higher successional state of the forest at distances of 250 m and more, the biodiversity of herbaceous species and the density and composition of forest trees had been improved. In 50 and 100 m of the mine, light-demanding and opportunistic herbaceous species such as raspberry, sedge, bracken, and nettles were observed due to increased light intensity. They decreased tree canopy density while moving away from the mine margin shade-tolerant herbaceous species such as wavyleaf basketgrass, sweet violet, wood spurge, purple cyclamen, and even primrose became more dominant due to increased tree canopy density and percentage. According to the amount of soil excavation, the amount of economic damage caused by the mine activities along the 1.7 km road and the width of 50 m (area 8.5 hectares) was equal to 1.989.960.000 Rials. The economic damage caused by the complete removal of 1700 forest trees in the mentioned area was calculated to be 6,960,000,000 Rials. The total damages of soil destruction and forest tree removal in this mine were estimated at 8,919,960,000 rials. Based on the results, it is suggested to adopt a new approach to the non-issuance of exploitation licenses for low-yield mines in the forest with very high value of landscape, biodiversity, and recreation, such as the Hyrcanian forests, and the needed coal of the country be provided from the mineral reserves of the provinces located outside the Hyrcanian forests.
کلیدواژهها [English]