بکارگیری مدل‌سازی عددی برای ارزیابی پتانسیل آلودگی آب زیرزمینی ناشی از تغذیه مصنوعی با پساب تصفیه شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار هیدروژئولوژی، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه یزد

2 دکترای هیدروژئولوژی، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای یزد

چکیده

خشکسالی، برداشت بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی و عدم مدیریت صحیح منابع آب موجب شده که خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری به منابع آب زیرزمینی وارد گردد. لذا اتخاذ تصمیمات صحیح مدیریتی برای جبران کاهش ذخایر آب زیرزمینی امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از پساب تصفیه شده برای تغذیه مصنوعی آبخوان‌ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، شبیه‌سازی منابع آب زیرزمینی آبخوان دامنه-داران با استفاده از مدل MODFLOW  و مدل‌سازی تغذیه مصنوعی با استفاده از پساب تصفیه شده با بهره‌گیری از ابزار MT3DMS و MODPATH مورد توجه قرار گرفت. چندین موقعیت با سناریوهای مختلف تک چاهی، دو چاهی و حوضچه‌ای برای اجرای تغذیه مصنوعی بر اساس کمترین هزینه، نزدیک‌ترین فاصله به محل تصفیه‌خانه، دورترین فاصله از مناطق مسکونی و چاه‌های شرب و کشاورزی و در نظر گرفتن فاصله از محل‌های ورودی جریانات با کیفیت تغذیه‌کننده آبخوان در بخش‌های شمالی و شمال‌غربی منطقه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج شبیه‌سازی الگوی پخش آلودگی با استفاده از مدل MODPATH در الگوهای مختلف نشان داد که صرفنظر از محل تزریق، جریان پساب تصفیه شده می‌تواند بخش‌های قابل توجهی از منابع آب موجود در مسیر حرکت خود را به دلیل شرایط توپوگرافی منطقه، مسیر جریان عمومی آب زیرزمینی و بار هیدرولیکی ناشی از تغذیه مصنوعی در محل‌های تزریق آلوده کند. نتایج مدل تغذیه مصنوعی توسط الگوی تک چاهی و دو چاهی نشان داد که آلاینده به سمت جنوب غربی آبخوان حرکت می‌کند. علاوه بر این، تا 15 سال از شروع نشت، بیشینه حرکت آلاینده به حدود 1850 متر از محل تزریق رسید. نتایج مدل MT3DMS نشان داد که پس از 500، 5000، 10000 و 14000 روز از شروع نشت، به ترتیب 5، 15، 20 و 26 حلقه چاه بهره‌برداری تحت تأثیر هاله آلودگی قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Numerical Modeling to Evaluate the Potential of Groundwater Pollution Resulting from Artificial Recharge with Treated Wastewater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahab Amiri 1
  • Nassim Sohrabi 2
1 Associate Professor of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Yazd University, Iran
2 PhD in Hydrogeology, Yazd Regional Water Authority, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought, overexploitation of groundwater resources, and a lack of proper management of water resources have caused irreparable damage to groundwater resources. Therefore, appropriate management decisions to compensate for the reduction in groundwater storage are inevitable. In recent years, the use of treated wastewater for the artificial recharge of aquifers has been considered. In this study, the simulation of groundwater resources of the Damaneh-Daran aquifer using the MODFLOW model and the modeling of artificial recharge using treated wastewater using the MT3DMS and MODPATH tools were considered. Several locations with different single-, dual-, and pond scenarios for implementing artificial recharge were evaluated based on the lowest cost, the closest distance to the treatment plant, the farthest distance from residential areas and drinking and agricultural wells, and the distance from the input of quality streams recharging the aquifer in the northern and northwestern parts of the region. The results of the simulation of the pollution spread pattern using the MODPATH model show that regardless of the injection site, the treated wastewater flow can contaminate significant parts of the water resources in its path because of the topographic conditions of the area, general groundwater flow path, and hydraulic had caused by artificial recharge at the injection sites. The results of the artificial recharge model using the single- and dual-well models show that the pollutant movement is towards the southwest of the aquifer. In addition, up to 15 years after the start of the leak, the maximum pollutant movement reached approximately 1850 m from the injection site. The results of the MT3DMS model also show that after 500, 5000, 10000, and 14000 days from the start of the leak, 5, 15, 20, and 26 production wells were affected by the pollution plume, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contaminant transport
  • modeling
  • Damaneh-Daran aquifer
  • treated wastewater
  • artificial recharge
اداره کل هواشناسی استان اصفهان(1403) صفحه اصلی. بازیابی در ۲۰ اکتبر ۲۰۲۳، از https://esfahanmet.ir/fa/
بنابفرویی, حمیدرضا؛ علیمحمدی, سعید. (1401). مقایسه اقتصادی گزینه‌های تغذیه مصنوعی آب‌ زیرزمینی با استفاده از پساب تصفیه شده (آبخوان دشت یزد-اردکان)، مجله آب و فاضلاب، دوره 33، شماره 5، صص142-150.
حسن پور، مجتبی؛ خزیمه نژاد، حسین. (1397). مکان یابی چاه های تغذیه جهت تغذیه مصنوعی و بهبود کیفیت آبخوان دشت بیرجند با استفاده از پساب تصفیه شده فاضلاب. پژوهش در بهداشت محیط، دوره 4، شماره 3، صص 215-226.
شرکت آب منطقه‌ای اصفهان. (1403). https://www.esrw.ir/
لاله زاری، رضا؛ طباطبایی، سیدحسن؛ خیاط خلقی، مجید،؛ یارعلی، نبی اله؛  صبا، علی اکبر. (1393). بررسی سناریوهای تغذیه مصنوعی با فاضلاب تصفیه شده بر کمیت و کیفیت آبخوان شهرکرد. محیط شناسی، دوره 40، شماره 69، صص 221-236.
مهندسین مشاور یاران معدن آرا. (1396). مطالعه ژئوالکتریک دشت آبرفتی محدوده مطالعاتی دامنه- داران، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای اصفهان، صص 117.
Abdalrahman, G.A., Lai, S.H., Snounu, I., Kumar, P., Sefelnasr, A., Sherif, M., El-shafie, A., (2021). Review on wastewater treatment ponds clogging under artificial recharge: Impacting factors and future modelling. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40, 101848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101848.
Aleisa, E. (2019). Analysis on reclamation and reuse of wastewater in Kuwait. Journal of Engineering Research, 7(1), pp 1-13.
Ali, S., Wang, Q., Liu, D., Fu, Q., Rahaman, Md. M., Faiz, M. A., Cheema, M. J. M. (2022). Estimation of spatio-temporal groundwater storage variations in the Lower Transboundary Indus Basin using GRACE satellite. Journal of Hydrology, 605, 127315.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127315.
Aly Gondia,M.K., Bakr, M., Mohamed, A.G., (2021). Sustainable management of treated wastewater, the New El-Mahsama wastewater treatment plant in Sinai. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 9(4), pp 804–814.
Amiri, V., Ali, S., Sohrabi, N., (2023). Estimating the spatio-temporal assessment of GRACE/GRACE-FO derived groundwater storage depletion and validation with in-situ water quality data (Yazd province, central Iran). Journal of Hydrology, 620,129416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129416
Amiri, V., Ali, S., Sohrabi, N., Amiri, F. (2023a). Hydrogeochemical evaluation with emphasis on nitrate and fluoride in urban and rural drinking water resources in western Isfahan province, central Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, pp 108720-108740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30001-0
Amiri, V., Nakagawa, K. (2021). Using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based nomenclature system and self-organising maps (SOM) for spatiotemporal assessment of groundwater quality in a coastal aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 603, 127082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127082
Amiri, V., Sohrabi, N., Lak, R., Tajbakhsh, G. (2024). Estimation of natural background levels of heavy metals and major variables in groundwater to ensure the sustainable supply of safe drinking water in Fereidan. Iran. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26, pp 19807-19832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03438-z
Amiri, V., Sohrabi, N., Li, P., Amiri, F. (2023b). Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Non-Carcinogenic Risk of Nitrate in Urban and Rural Areas of Fereidan, Iran. Exposure and Health, 15, pp 807-823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-022-00525-w
ARMCAN, ANECC, NHMRC, Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, (2000). National Water Quality Management Strategy. Guidelines for Sewerage Systems: Use of Reclaimed Water, Australia. Available at: use-reclaimed-water.pdf (waterquality.gov.au).
Asano, T., & Cotruvo, J. A. (2004). Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: Health and regulatory considerations. Water Research, 38(8), 1941-1951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.023
Ashraf, S., Nazemi, A., Agha Kouchak, A. (2021). Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran. Scientific Reports, 11, 9135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88522-y  
Bekele, E., Toze, S., Patterson, B., Higginson, S. (2011). Managed aquifer recharge of treated wastewater: water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose zone. Water Research, 45(17), pp 5764-5772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.058
Bloetscher, F., Meeroff, D. E., Phonpornwithoon. P. (2019). Assessing Risk of Injection of Reclaimed Water into the Biscayne Aquifer for Aquifer Recharge Purposes. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 7, 184-201. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.77013
Cao, X., Shi, Y., He, W., An, T., Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Zhou, P., Chen, C., He, J., He, W. (2022). Impacts of anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR) on nitrate dynamics in a phreatic aquifer revealed by hydrochemical and isotopic technologies. Science of the Total Environment, 839, 156187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156187
Chen, Z., Huang, J., Zhan, H., Wang, J., Dou, Z., Zhang, C., Chen, C., Fu, Y. (2022). Optimisation schemes for deep foundation pit dewatering under complicated hydrogeological conditions using MODFLOW-USG. Engineering Geology, 303, 106653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106653
Chepkemoi, A.K., Home, P., Raude, J., Kiptum, C. (2022). Modelling of Groundwater Potential in Kericho County, Kenya, Using GMS_MODFLOW. Scientific African, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01492.
de Graaf, I.E.M., Gleeson, T., van Beek, L.P.H., Sutanudjaja, E.H., Bierkens, M.F.P. (2019). Environmental flow limits to global groundwater pumping. Nature, 574, pp 90-94. https://doi.org/10.5683/SP2/D7I7CC.
Dillon, P., Arshad, M. (2016). Managed aquifer recharge in integrated water resource management. Integrated Groundwater Management. Springer, Cham, pp. 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_17
Dillon, P.J., (2004). Future management of aquifer recharge. Hydrogeology Journal, 13(1), pp 313-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0413-6
Ding, G.Y., Chen, G.L., Liu, Y.D., Li, M., Liu, X. (2020). Occurrence and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in reclaimed water and receiving groundwater with different replenishment pathways. Science of the Total Environment, 738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139802
Fox, P. et al., (2006). Advances in Soil Aquifer Treatment Research for Sustainable Water Reuse. Denver, Awwa Research Foundation, p. 200.
Han, Z., Huang, S., Huang, Q., Leng, G., Liu, Y., Bai, Q., He, P., Liang, H., Shi, W. (2021). GRACE-based high-resolution propagation threshold from meteorological to groundwater drought. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 307, 108476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108476.
Hill, M.C, Tiedeman, C.R .(2007). Effective groundwater model calibration:  with analysis of data, sensitivities, predictions, and uncertainty. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.index
Jafari, T., Kiem, A. S., Javadi, S., Nakamura, T., Nishida, K. (2021). Fully integrated numerical simulation of surface water-groundwater interactions using SWAT-MODFLOW with an improved calibration tool. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 35, 100822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100822.  
Jodar-Abellan, A., López-Ortiz, M.I., Melgarejo-Moreno, J., (2019). Wastewater treatment and water reuse in Spain. Current situation and perspectives. Water, 11(8), 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081551
Kesari, K.K., Soni, R., Jamal, Q.M.S. (2021). Wastewater treatment and reuse: review of its applications and health implications. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 232, 208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05154-8
Kong, Y.C. (2020). Water reclamation and reuse in Singapore. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 146(4), 03120001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.000167
Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Xu, C., Lyu, J., Su, Z. (2022). A quantitative analysis framework for water-food-energy nexus in an agricultural watershed using WEAP-MODFLOW. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, pp 693-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.032.
Lyazidi, R., Hessane, M. A., Moutei, J. F., Bahir, M. (2020). Developing a methodology for estimating the groundwater levels of coastal aquifers in the Gareb-Bourag plains, Morocco, embedding the visual MODFLOW techniques in a groundwater modeling system. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 11, 100471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100471.
Manisha, M., Verma, K., Ramesh, N., Anirudha, T.P., Santrupt, R.M., Das, R., Mohan Kumar, M.S., Chanakya, H.N., Rao, L. (2023). Socio-economic impact assessment of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater for indirect groundwater recharge. Science of the Total Environment, 859. 160207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160207
Martin, R. (2013). Clogging issues associated with managed aquifer recharge methods. IAH Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge, Australia.
Mazari-Hiriart, M., Ponce-de-Leon, S., Lopez-Vidal, Y., Islas-Macias, P., Amieva-Fernández, R.I., Quiñones-Falconi, F. (2008). Microbiological implications of periurban agriculture and water reuse in Mexico City. PLoS One, 3(5), 2305. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002305
Patterson, B., Shackleton, M., Furness, A., Bekele, E., Pearce, J., Linge, K., Busetti, F., Spadek, T., Toze, S. (2011). Behaviour and fate of nine recycled water trace organics during managed aquifer recharge in the aerobic aquifer. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,122(1-4), pp 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.11.003
Pietrzak, D. (2021). Modeling migration of organic pollutants in groundwater - Review of available software. Environmental Modelling and Software, 144, 105145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105145
Pyne, R.D.G. (1995). Groundwater recharge and wells: A guide to aquifer storage recovery. Routledge, New York.
Saad, S., Javadi, A. A., Abd-Elhamid, H. F., Farmani, R. (2023). Mitigating seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Novel approach with treated wastewater injection and groundwater circulation. Journal of Hydrology, 626, 130139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130139
Shan, V., Singh, S.K., Haritash, A.K. (2020). Water crisis in the Asian countries: status and future trends. Resilience, Response, and Risk in Water Systems, pp. 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4668-6_10
Shawaqfah, M., Almomani, F., Al-Rousan, T. (2021). Potential use of treated wastewater as groundwater recharge using GIS techniques and modeling tools in Dhuleil-Halabat well-field/Jordan. Water, 13(11), 1581. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111581
Sprenger, C., Hartog, N., Hernández, M., Vilanova, E., Grützmacher, G., Scheibler, F., Hannappel, S. (2017). Inventory of managed aquifer recharge sites in Europe: historical development, current situation and perspectives. Hydrogeology Journal, 25, pp 1909-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1554-8
Sun, K., Hu, L., Sun, J., Zhai, Y., Zhang, S., Cao, X. (2023). Quantifying the contribution of ecological water replenishment on aquifer recovery using a refined groundwater model. Science of the Total Environment, 857, 159216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159216
Tortajada, C., Bindal, I. (2020). Water Reuse in Singapore: The New Frontier in the Framework of a Circular Economy. Water Reuse Within a Circular Economy Context, 2 Available at: Water_reuse_in_Singapore_The_new_frontier_in_a_framework_of_a_circular_economy withcover-page-v2.pdf (d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net).
World Health Organisation (WHO). (2017). Guidelines for drinking water quality: Fourth edition, incorporating the first addendum. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 20 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1405