بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در ماهی شوریده (Otolithes ruber) در اسکله تیس و بندر عباس و ارزیابی ریسک خطر سلامتی برای مصرف کنندگان

صمدانی فر, مرتضی; محمدی, ملیحه; قنبری فردی, مهدی; موسی زاده, صادق

doi:10.22111/jneh.2025.52858.2129

بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در ماهی شوریده (Otolithes ruber) در اسکله تیس و بندر عباس و ارزیابی ریسک خطر سلامتی برای مصرف کنندگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیوشیمی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

² استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

³ دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

⁴ کارشناس آزمایشگاه مرکزی، اداره کل دامپزشکی، استان هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

10.22111/jneh.2025.52858.2129

چکیده

آلودگی اکوسیستم‌های آبی با فلزات سنگین یکی از مهم‌ترین نگرانی‌های زیست‌محیطی است، زیرا این عناصر از طریق تجمع‌زیستی در بافت آبزیان می‌توانند وارد بدن انسان شوند. این مطالعه غلظت کادمیوم، جیوه، سرب و روی را در بافت‌های کبد و عضله ماهی شوریده (Otolithes ruber) جمع‌آوری‌شده از چابهار (اسکله تیس) و بندرعباس ارزیابی کرد. شصت نمونه ماهی (30 نمونه در هر محل) با استفاده از روش جذب اتمی (ICP-OES) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. غلظت فلزات در نمونه‌های چابهار بالاتر بود و بافت‌های کبد تجمع بیشتری نسبت به عضله نشان دادند. میانگین غلظت جیوه در کبد و عضله نمونه‌های چابهار به ترتیب 026/0±098/0 و 019/0±097/0 و در نمونه‌های بندرعباس 019/0±045/0 و 012/0±034/0 میکروگرم بر گرم بود (p>0.05). غلظت سرب در کبد و عضله نمونه‌های چابهار (0.27±0.56 و 0.10±0.48) به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از غلظت آن در نمونه‌های بندرعباس 0.02±0.041 و 0.01±0.030 میکروگرم بر گرم بود (p<0.05). غلظت کادمیوم در کبد و عضله نمونه‌های چابهار (0.35±0.80 و 0.12±0.63) نیز از غلظت آن در نمونه‌های بندرعباس ( 0.03±0.07 و 0.05±0.02) میکروگرم بر گرم بیشتر بود (p<0.05). غلظت روی در کبد و عضله چابهار به ترتیب 97.90±10.17 و 7.04±24.22 میکروگرم بر گرم بود. مقادیر تخمینی مصرف روزانه (EDI) برای همه فلزات کمتر از آستانه مصرف روزانه قابل تحمل (TDI) بود. ولی میانگین غلظت کادمیوم در عضله نمونه‌های چابهار از حد مجاز تعیین شده توسطFAO، WHOو MAFF فراتر رفت. مقادیر THQ (نسبت خطر هدف) و THQ کل برای همه فلزات کمتر از 1 بود که نشان دهنده خطر غیر سرطان‌زایی پایین است. مقدار خطر سرطان (CR) برای جیوه در چابهار از آستانه قابل قبول (>10⁻⁴) فراتر رفت که نشان‌دهنده خطر بالقوه سرطان‌زایی ناشی از مصرف طولانی مدت است. نظارت مداوم بر محیط زیست موجودات آبزی در چابهار برای کاهش خطرات سلامتی مرتبط با قرار گرفتن در معرض فلزات سنگین از طریق مصرف غذاهای دریایی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

آلودگی محیط طبیعی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in Otolithes ruber in Tis Pier and Bandar Abbas, and health risk assessment for the consumers

نویسندگان [English]

Morteza Samadanifar ¹
Malihe Mohammadi ²
Mehdi Ghanbarifardi ³
Sadegh Mosazadeh ⁴

¹ MSc student of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

⁴ MSc. Central Laboratory Expert, General Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Hormozgan Province, Bandar Abbas, Iran

چکیده [English]

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a major environmental concern due to the potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and subsequent human exposure through seafood consumption. This study evaluated the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in liver and muscle tissues of Otolithes ruber collected from Chabahar (Tis Pier) and Bandar Abbas. Sixty fish samples (30 from each location) were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Metal concentrations were higher in Chabahar samples, with liver tissues showing greater accumulation than muscle. Mean Hg concentrations in Chabahar liver and muscle were 0.098 ± 0.026 and 0.097 ± 0.019 µg/g, respectively, compared to 0.045 ± 0.019 and 0.034 ± 0.012 µg/g in Bandar Abbas (p > 0.05). Pb levels in Chabahar liver and muscle (0.56 ± 0.27 and 0.48 ± 0.10 µg/g) were significantly higher than those in Bandar Abbas (0.041 ± 0.02 and 0.030 ± 0.01 µg/g; p < 0.05). Cd concentrations in Chabahar liver and muscle (0.80 ± 0.35 and 0.63 ± 0.12 µg/g) also exceeded those in Bandar Abbas (0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.02 µg/g; p < 0.05). Zn concentrations in Chabahar liver and muscle were 97.90 ± 10.17 and 24.22 ± 7.04 µg/g, respectively. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values for all metals were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) thresholds. However, the mean Cd concentration in Chabahar muscle exceeded permissible limits set by FAO, WHO, and MAFF. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total THQ (TTHQ) values for all metals were below 1, indicating low non-carcinogenic risk. In contrast, the Cancer Risk (CR) value for Hg in Chabahar exceeded the acceptable threshold (>10⁻⁴), suggesting a potential carcinogenic risk from long-term consumption. Continuous environmental monitoring of aquatic organisms in Chabahar is recommended to mitigate health risks associated with heavy metal exposure through seafood consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Heavy metals
Pollution
Health risk assessment
Otolithes ruber
Sistan and Baluchestan
Hormozgan

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