ارزیابی خطر لرزه‌ای پی‌های راکتور هسته‌ای بهسازی‌شده با روش اختلاط عمیق خاک با درنظر گرفتن اثرات اندرکنش سازه–خاک–سازه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زلزله، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشکدگان فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشکدگان فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشکدگان فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زلزله یکی از مهم‌ترین مخاطرات طبیعی است که ایمنی سازه‌های حیاتی و حساس مانند نیروگاه‌های هسته‌ای را تهدید می‌کند و می‌تواند علاوه بر اختلال در تولید انرژی، پیامدهای طبیعی و انسانی جبران‌ناپذیر ایجاد کند. استانداردهای بین‌المللی و راهنماهای IAEA تأکید دارند که طراحی لرزه‌ای نیروگاه‌ها باید از جان انسان‌ها و محیط‌زیست حفاظت کند. در پروژه‌های حساس و سنگین، استفاده از اختلاط عمیق بلوکی (DSM) به‌منظور کاهش مخاطرات لرزه‌ای توصیه می‌شود و در این پژوهش، اثرات این روش بهسازی خاک در کاهش مخاطرات لرزه‌ای یک سازه نیروگاهی در حال اجرا ارزیابی شد. سازه رآکتور APR1400 بر روی خاک لایه‌ای اصلاح‌شده با DSM و براساس نتایج آزمایشگاهی مدل‌سازی شد. اثر اندرکنش سازه–خاک و اندرکنش سازه–خاک–سازه (SSSI) تحت بارگذاری یک‌جهته موجک ریکر با فرکانس‌های مختلف و بارگذاری یک‌ و دو‌جهته رکوردهای زلزله حوزه نزدیک گسل تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که شتاب افقی در سازه داخلی بیشتر از ساختمان محفظه است و با افزایش فرکانس کاهش می‌یابد؛ اعمال DSM زیر فونداسیون موجب افزایش شتاب افقی شد و اثر آن در سازه داخلی محسوس‌تر بود. تحلیل شتاب قائم نشان داد که ساختمان محفظه به دلیل قرارگیری در لبه فونداسیون شتاب قائم بیشتری تجربه می‌کند و DSM موجب تقویت حرکت گهواره‌ای شد؛ در سازه داخلی، اثر DSM وابسته به فرکانس بود. بارگذاری دو‌جهته تأثیر قابل توجهی بر شتاب افقی نداشت اما دامنه فوریه و انرژی شتاب قائم را افزایش داد. اثر SSSI به‌طور کلی دامنه شتاب افقی را کاهش داد، اما حضور سازه دوم در فاصله ۵۰ متر موجب افزایش موضعی شتاب افقی و قائم شد. این یافته‌ها اهمیت استفاده از مدل‌های سه‌بعدی، اعمال رکوردهای حوزه نزدیک و بررسی دقیق اثر SSSI و فاصله بین سازه‌ها را برای کاهش مخاطرات لرزه‌ای، حفاظت از جان انسان‌ها و محیط‌زیست، و طراحی ایمن نیروگاه‌های هسته‌ای با تجهیزات حساس و محتوای فرکانسی بالا برجسته می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Seismic Hazard Assessment of Power Plant Structures Founded on Block-Type Deep Soil Mixing–Improved Ground Considering Soil–Structure Interaction

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Yaghfoori 1
  • Iradj Mahmoudzadeh Kani 2
  • Hassan Yousefi 3
1 PhD student of Earthquake Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Earthquakes are among the most significant natural hazards that threaten the safety of critical and sensitive structures, such as nuclear power plants, and can disrupt energy production, leading to irreversible environmental and human consequences. International standards and IAEA guidelines emphasize that the seismic design of nuclear facilities must protect human life and the environment. For heavy, sensitive infrastructure, Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is recommended to mitigate seismic hazards; this study evaluates its effectiveness in reducing seismic risk for an operational nuclear reactor. The APR1400 reactor was modeled on a multi-layered soil improved by DSM based on laboratory test results. The soil-structure interaction (SSI) and structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were analyzed under unidirectional Ricker wave loading at various frequencies, as well as under unidirectional and bidirectional near-field earthquake records. The results indicated that horizontal acceleration was higher in the internal structure than in the containment building and decreased with increasing excitation frequency; DSM implementation beneath the foundation increased horizontal acceleration, with a more pronounced effect in the internal structure. Analysis of vertical acceleration revealed that the containment building, due to its location at the edge of the foundation, experienced higher vertical acceleration, and DSM-enhanced rocking motion further increased it. The effect of DSM on the internal structure was frequency-dependent. Bidirectional loading had a negligible impact on horizontal acceleration but significantly increased the Fourier amplitude and energy of vertical acceleration. Overall, SSSI reduced horizontal acceleration, but the presence of a second structure at 50 m locally reduced horizontal acceleration while increasing vertical acceleration. These findings highlight the importance of 3D modeling, application of near-field seismic records, and careful consideration of SSSI and inter-structure spacing for mitigating seismic hazards, protecting human life and the environment, and designing safe nuclear facilities with sensitive equipment and high-frequency content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • seismic hazards
  • seismic behavior
  • nuclear power plant structures
  • deep soil mixing (DSM)
  • structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI)
  • near-field earthquake
  • rocking motion
  • bidirectional loading
Anderson, L. M., Carey, S., & Amin, J. (2012). Effect of Structure, Soil, and Ground Motion Parameters on Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction of Large-Scale Nuclear Structures. In Structures Congress 2011 (pp. 2862-2873). https://doi.org/doi:10.1061/41171(401)249
10.1061/41171(401)249
Bolisetti, C., Whittaker, A. S., & Coleman, J. L. (2018). Linear and nonlinear soil-structure interaction analysis of buildings and safety-related nuclear structures. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 107, 218-233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.01.026
Çetindemir, O., & Zülfikar, A. C. (2024). Numerical validation of fully coupled nonlinear seismic soil–pile–structure interaction. Buildings, 14(6), 1502.
Clouteau, D., Broc, D., Devésa, G., Guyonvarh, V., & Massin, P. (2012). Calculation methods of Structure–Soil–Structure Interaction (3SI) for embedded buildings: Application to NUPEC tests. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 32(1), 129-142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.08.005
Engineers, A. S. o. C. (2017). Seismic analysis of safety-related nuclear structures.
Hasegawa, K. (2012). Facing nuclear risks: Lessons from the Fukushima nuclear disaster. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, 21(1), 84-91.
Islam, M. R., Turja, S. D., Van Nguyen, D., Forcellini, D., & Kim, D. (2024). Seismic soil-structure interaction in nuclear power plants: An extensive review. Results in Engineering, 23, 102694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102694
Jeremić, B., Jie, G., Preisig, M., & Tafazzoli, N. (2009). Time domain simulation of soil–foundation–structure interaction in non‐uniform soils. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 38(5), 699-718.
Kanellopoulos, C., Rangelow, P., Jeremic, B., Anastasopoulos, I., & Stojadinovic, B. (2024). Dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction for nuclear power plants. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 181, 108631. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631
Kitada, Y., Hirotani, T., & Iguchi, M. (1999). Models test on the dynamic structure–structure interaction of nuclear power plant buildings. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 192(2-3), 205-216.
Kitazume, M., & Terashi, M. (2013). The deep mixing method. CRC Press.
Lee, T. H., & Wesley, D. A. (1973). Soil-structure interaction of nuclear reactor structures is considered through-soil coupling between adjacent structures. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 24(3), 374-387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(73)90007-1
Mach, A., & Szczygielski, M. (2024). Carbon footprint analysis throughout the life cycle of the continuous deep mixing method (CDMM) technology. Energies, 17(13), 3294.
Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M. H., & Fenves, G. L. (2006). Open system for earthquake engineering simulation user command-language manual. Report NEES grid-TR 2004, 21.
Methodologies for Seismic Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis in the Design and Assessment of Nuclear Installations. (2022). INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. https://www.iaea.org/publications/15051/methodologies-for-seismic-soil-structure-interaction-analysis-in-the-design-and-assessment-of-nuclear-installations
Nielsen, A. H. (2006). Absorbing boundary conditions for seismic analysis in ABAQUS. ABAQUS users’ conference,
Phillips, C., Hashash, Y. M., Olson, S. M., & Muszynski, M. R. (2012). Significance of small-strain damping and dilation parameters in numerical modeling of free-field lateral spreading centrifuge tests. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 42, 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.06.001
Ribó, R., Pasenau, M., Escolano, E., Ronda, J., & González, L. (1998). GiD reference manual. CIMNE, Barcelona, 27, 25.
Roy, C., Bolourchi, S., & Eggers, D. (2015). Significance of structure–soil–structure interaction for closely spaced structures. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 295, 680-687. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.07.067
Sarkkinen, M., Koskinen, J., Silmu, R., Viitikko, K., & Saari, K. Deep Stabilization of Soft Clay Soil with a Low-Co2 Binder Generated from Waste Streams of Pulp and Paper Mills. Available at SSRN 4868084.
Shaghaghi, M. M., Kani, I. M., & Yousefi, H. (2021). The Seismic Behavior of Block-Type Deep Soil Mixing. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 18.
Van Nguyen, D., Kim, D., & Duy Nguyen, D. (2020). Nonlinear seismic soil-structure interaction analysis of nuclear reactor building considering the effect of earthquake frequency content. Structures, 26, 901-914. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.013
Wada, T., Nemoto, Y., Shimamura, S., Fujita, T., Mizuno, T., Sohtome, T., Kamiyama, K., Morita, T., & Igarashi, S. (2013). Effects of the nuclear disaster on marine products in Fukushima. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 124, 246-254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.05.008
Wang, X., Zhou, Q., Zhu, K., Shi, L., Li, X., & Wang, H. (2017). Analysis of seismic soil-structure interaction for a nuclear power plant (HTR-10). Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, 2017.  
Yaghfoori, A., Mahmoudzadeh Kani, I., & Yousefi, H. (2025a). Seismic behavior of dry sandy soils improved with Block-Type Deep Soil Mixing in near-fault regions. AUT Journal of Civil Engineering. 10.22060/ajce. 2025.24157.5923
Yaghfoori, A., Mahmoudzadeh Kani, I., & Yousefi, H. (2025b). Seismic performance and optimization of deep soil mixing (DSM) for response mitigation at power plant sites. Engineering Computations, 41(8), 1-42.
Yaghfoori, A., Mahmoudzadeh Kani, I., & Yousefi, H. (2026). Seismic Response and Uncertainty Quantification of Deep Soil Mixing-Improved Nevada Sand Under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Loading. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 13(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-026-00789-8
Yaghfoori A, Mahmoudzadeh Kani I, Yousefi H. Impact of geotechnical and seismic uncertainties on the seismic performance of DSM-improved nuclear reactor foundations considering soil–structure interaction. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2026;30(1):2604295. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2025.2604295
Yue, D., Ghiocel, D. M., Fuyama, H., Ogata, T., & Stark, G. (2013). Structure-soil-structure interaction effects for two heavy NPP buildings with large-size embedded foundations. SMiRT22 Proceedings, 18-23.

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 27 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 27 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 27 خرداد 1405