مروری بر اثرات خشکی دریای آرال بر آسیب پذیری محیط‌زیست طبیعی و انسانی پیرامون آن با هدف آسیب شناسی اثرات خشک شدن دریاچه ارومیه

پولادی, ناصر; دیده ور تبریزی, سما; روانبخش, ریحانه

doi:10.22111/jneh.2024.47478.2013

مروری بر اثرات خشکی دریای آرال بر آسیب پذیری محیط‌زیست طبیعی و انسانی پیرامون آن با هدف آسیب شناسی اثرات خشک شدن دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری- از اساتید برجسته

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار زیست شناسی سلولی و مولکولی ، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست شناسی سلولی و مولکولی، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز

³ استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی آبزیان، پژوهشکده آرتمیا و آبزی‌پروری، دانشگاه ارومیه

10.22111/jneh.2024.47478.2013

چکیده

دریای آرال یکی از چهار دریاچه بزرگ جهان بود. در شش دهه گذشته، خشک شدن دریای آرال باعث تغییرات زیست محیطی و افزایش شوری آب شده‌است. با توجه به اینکه دریاچه ارومیه در سال‌های اخیر در معرض خشکی گسترده قرار گرفته است، هدف اصلی این مقاله، مطالعه خطرات زیست محیطی ایجاد شده در پیرامون دریای آرال پس از خشک شدن آن، می‌باشد. علاوه بر این، هدف درک بهتر تنش‌هایی است که با خشک شدن دریاچه ارومیه گریبان‌گیر ایران و سایر کشورهای همسایه می‌شود. در این مطالعه پژوهش‌های انجام‌گرفته در مورد تغییرات شرایط اقلیمی و اجتماعی جمعیت حوضه دریای آرال، در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مانند Scopus، SID، Web of Science، PubMed و GoogleScholar طی سالهای2000 تا 2022 مشخص شدند و تعدادی از مقالات مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. براساس مطالعات، دریای آرال در اواسط قرن بیستم 11 برابر دریاچه ارومیه بود. در اثر توسعه بیش از حد کشاورزی، شروع به خشک شدن کرد. راهکار دولت، احیای آن در مقیاس کوچک‌تر بود که ۲ قسمت آن احیا شده‌است. اکثر بررسی‌ها رابطه معناداری بین خشک‌شدن دریای آرال و ابتلا به بیماری‌های مختلف از جمله: بیماری‌های تنفسی، انواع سرطان‌ها، خطرات باروری، اختلالات روانی و عصبی گزارش کرده‌اند. با توجه به مشکلات زیست‌محیطی و گسترش بیماری‌های مختلف در میان ساکنان دریای خشک شده آرال، احیای دریاچه ارومیه بیش از پیش ضروری است. علاوه بر این، تجربیات موفقیت‌آمیز کشور قزاقستان در احیای آرال، الگویی برای احیای دریاچه ارومیه می‌تواند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

آلودگی محیط طبیعی

عنوان مقاله [English]

A review of the impact of the Aral Sea drought on the vulnerability of the natural and human environment around it with the aim of pathology of the impact of the drying of Lake Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

Naser Pouladi ¹
Sama Didevar Tabrizi ²
Reyhaneh Ravanbakhsh ³

¹ Associate Professor of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

² MSc Student in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

³ Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Aral Sea was one of the four largest lakes in the world. In the past six decades, the drying of the Aral Sea has caused environmental changes and increased water salinity. Considering that Lake Urmia has been exposed to widespread drought in recent years, the main objective of this article is to study the environmental hazards created around the Aral Sea after its drying. In addition, the aim is to better understand the tensions that affect Iran and other neighboring countries with the drying up of Lake Urmia. In this study, researchers conducted on the changes in climatic and social conditions of the population of the Aral Sea basin were identified using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between 2000 and 2022, and several articles were reviewed. According to studies, the Aral Sea was 11 times larger than Lake Urmia in the mid-20th century. Due to excessive agricultural development, it began to dry up. The government's solution was to revive it on a smaller scale, of which two parts have been revived. Most studies have reported a significant relationship between the drying up of the Aral Sea and various diseases, including respiratory diseases, types of cancer, fertility dangers, and mental and neurological disorders. Considering the environmental problems and the spread of various diseases among the inhabitants of the dried-up Aral Sea, the revival of Lake Urmia is more necessary than before. Moreover, Kazakhstan's successful experience in Aral restoration can be a model for the revival of Lake Urmia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Aral Sea
Environmental disaster
Salinity
Lake Urmia
Disease

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